System for the utilization of heat and power from highly-explosive substances.



i PATENTE) JULY '16, 1907.

1. DE'V'DL`TEJADA. y

'SYSTEM FOR THB UTILIZATION (1P-HEAT ,MID POWERT-ROMHIGHLY APP-1.1011111111 FILED 11111.11, 1905.

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' PATENTED JULY'l l J.DE D. TEJADA. SYSTEM EOE THE UTILIZATION 0E HEAT AND POW-EE EEOM HIGHLY4 EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANGES. APPLIDATIYoN-EILED AUG.11, 1 9'05.

ADV! P A-A'IENTBD JULYle, 1907.-

- J.. DE 1j. TEJADA. Y SYSTEM PoR THB UTILIZATION 0F HEAT AND POWER FROM HIGHLY 'BXP'LOSIVE sUBsTANcEs. APrLIoATloN FI'LBD lAtwr.1 1,`1`9ozs.

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No. 860,583. PATBNTBIJ JULY 1 6, 1907.

J. DI. D. TEJADA. SYSIBM PoR THB UTILIZA'IION 0I' HEAT AND POWER PRO-M HIGHLY' EXPLOSIVB SUBSTANGEJS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11, 1905.

y www@ WW1/masas No. 860,583. PAT'BT'ED JULY'1'6,'1907.

L DE D; TEJADA.

SYSTEM POR THUTlLlzAToN 0F HEAT AND POWER FROM HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE sUBsTANGEs.

APPL-ICATIO FILED AUG. 11, 1905.

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110.3605834" lnevrrrflrm) JULY-16, 190.7.

'1. DB1). TEJADA.

SYSTEM- f'oR THE UTILIZ'AATION' oF HEAT AND POWER' FROM HIGHLY BXPLosIvBsUBsTANcss.

APPLIQATION. rILn'n ma. 11. lman.

I JUAN DE DOS TEJADA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SYSTEM son 'rim UTiLIzA'rioN oF'nEA'r AND rowsn FROM HIGHLY-EXPLosivi'i- N dse'dsse.

Specification of Letters Patent. y

- STANCES.

patented Juiy 1e, i907.

Application filed August l1', 1905. Serial No. 273,800.

T o all 'whom 'it may concern:

- .Be it known that l, JUA DE Dios TEJADA, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New-York and State of New York, have invented -i'certain new and-useful Improvementsin a 'System for the Utilization of Heat and Power from Highly-Explosive Substancespand I do hereby dethe same. This-invention' relates to improvements in ajsystem 'gli'. developing power and heat from highly explosiveiibs'tancesand has forl its object the creating or generalt will, either in violent quick form or gradually, @fewer caused by liberating the gases' contained in a great lvariety of Vexplosivesubstances and the storing o vthe force developed in the liberation of such gases lfoi'ot'utiire use or' applying suchiorce directly to` the production ofmovcnien-t as ior instance in driving mechanisms of various kinds.

With these and other objects in view the invention comprises certain novel constructions, combinations and arrangements of parts as vwill be hereinafter fully described and claimed. I

IIn the accompanying drawings, l Ahave illustrated practical'forms of mechanism for developing the power and heatwhich are to be obtained from high explosives which Figure l is-a central sectional view through a mechanism for developing pressure, motion and heat in exploding` or detonating predetermined quantities of highly explosive materials.A Fig. 2 is a view partially clarethe following to be' a ull clear, and exact del" v scription of the invention, such as will enable others fii'liilled in the art to which it appertains to make andv nsection and partially in elevation showing a meeh-- capable of developing and storing power or pressure evolved by the detonating. of high explosives.

Fig 3 is a' detail'view showing the jointed feed mech- Fig. 4 is a sec-v 'niechaiii'sm'ioi preventing the back pressure of ex- `ploded gases upon the feeding device. Fig. 9 is ade- .'tail sectional' 'view showing a detonating plunger op- ;erated by a hat Aspring instead of a coiled spring. Fig. 1U is a detail sectional View showing a detonating plunger capable of acting also as a feeder. Fig. ll

is' a detail sectional view `thrqugh a portion ofthe explosive handling mechanism .and showing a safety -plosive feeding mechanism and 'illustrating a swinging arm for carrying the same. Fig. l2 is a detail sectional 'view .through said swinging arm and through the valveor cut-off cock mounted the joint thereof.

Fig. 13 is a detail transverse sectional view through the explosive receiving inlet, the section being taken upon a plane passing through the safety escape passages.l Fig. 14 is a detail sectional view showing the explosive4 feeding device provided with a safetycut-off mechanism. Fig. l5 is a detail sectional view of the same showing the cut-off slide in elevation. Fig. 16 is a detail view showingthe detonating anvil arrangedeccentrical'ly in an aperture or recess formed in the'ma'in reciprocating plunger. Fig. 17 ,is a detail view showing the mechanism for moving the pivotally mounted feeder-illustrated in Fig; ll. Fig. '18 is a detail view showing a modified structure for operating such a feeder. Fig. 19 is an enlarged` detail sectional view of the coupling member for controlling a double latch mechanism. Fig. 20 is a transverse sectional view through the same, portions of the leverwhich engage .the c. iupling being shown in elevation.

It has been heretofore 4Considered impossible and dangerous to utilize the explosive' power developed bythe detonition of certain highly explosive materials,

' v J u u n such tor instance as nitro-glycerin, nitro-marmite, bmarmite and other substances, but after careful experiments and tests I have discovered thatit is entirely practical' and safe to employ such/high explosives .and have developed a system ofutilizing the tremendous power which can be developed by detonating such substances, the systembeing set forth in the present application. f

The object of the invention is the generation and accumulation of gases at very high pressures by the consecutive explosions of'minute particles of explosive materials without risk or danger either to the operator or his surroundings or to the machine which is used in -developing, such power from the explosives.

ln carrying out my invention-I am able to develop safely and automatically the, gases contained in any explosive substances whetherv such substances are in a liquid or solid form, amorphous, granulated or fibrous, and whether they are apt to explode eitherliy con- Cussioii or direct violent blow orfelse. by the indirect. aid of a percussion cap capable ofcoinniunicatingan explosion to the mass. )e f Y In cari'yiiig,out the' invention Fdo not confine myself to the use oi any particular explosive butindifferently employ such substances as nitro-glycerin and other liquid explosives as well as nitro-mannite, and solid dynamites with either inert or ctive bases-andV also .agreat variety oi gun powders o4 .djifferent bases and various other 'explosive materials,v

In handling such materials I emplty a mechanism which is made upoi a suit-able casing and is provided with a reciprocating member .having a detonating surface'oapable of being moved to a suitable point orvrecevinga charge of some explosive substanceandA being brought opposite a hammer or detonating plunger, the mechanism being capable of applying the force d 'eveloped by the explosion of the material either directly tol a mechanism or indirectly` through receiving and storing of the 'pressure generating `gasesliberated by the explosion of the materials em ployed.

I'have illustrated in the accompanying drawings simple and preferable devices for properly handling the explosive materials above mentioned.

Referring now to the' drawings, 1 indicates a casing' having an'explosion chamber 2 formedtherein.

3 indicates a movable power imparting member or plunger which 'is provided with a detonating surface which-I will term an anvil, as at 4. v Y

Mounted inthe walls of thecasing l isa movable detonator or plunger 5 which is capable oi being brought into Contact with the anvil after it has received a'charge of enplosivematerial. `To one side 0I' the plunger or detonator 5.` is an explosive feeding device which is capable of depositing a proper amount oi the explosive material upon the anvil at the time when the anvil is Aerating to push the plunger outwardly.

broughtopposite the said feeder.

1n operating the'mechanism it is necessary to provide a suitable means for drawing the plunger 3 inwardly after each explosion, the said explosions of course op- I contemplate using dif'f'erent means for accomplishing the in- 'Ward movement of the plunger o1' piston 3, and may inFg. l, I employ two casings and two detonating plngers as well as two feeding devices, the parts thus named being identicalat both ends-of the machine.

The two casings 1 at each endiof the machine are connected by any'suitable braces or bars as 7 and '8 and. the plungers Sat the opposite ends of the machine are arranged in alinement with each other and are connected by a. connecting or piston rod 9. The rod is made of sucha length that when the piston 3 at one end of the machine is at the inner end of 'its stroke the piston at the other end of the'machine is at the outer end of its stroke, as shown in 1. v The parts are so related andspaced also that when the pistons are in this position the anvil 4 at one end is opposite the' detonator 5, while the anvil atV the other' end is opposite the feeder, and in position to receive a charge o explosive material. -"As soon as the. explosion occurs upon the anvil which is 'opposite thedetonator the piston at 'thatend 'ofthe machine is -forced outwardly which drawsthe newly chargedanvil opposite its detonator 5. The explosion thus caused again re-' turns the parts to their'originalposition andthe suc# cessive explosions in the explosion. chambers con-` tiniie tor'yrapidly change the position lot parts in quick succession. A The explosions muse Ait'lliberati-o'nof gases: in the explosion chambers which exert a pressure upon the surrounding parts always operating" 'to force the pistons 3 outwardlyand the detonators" 5 outwardly and the pressure is alsoconducted through a suitable outlet 10 .leading from each explosionchamber for immediate use'at 'any-'desired Vpoint or intol a storage tank as will .be' hereinafter fn]1y `described'. The movement of thepistons 3 may also be utilized, the said pistons being connectedfwith any suitable machinery. Asshown in Fig. 1 the'pistonv` at either or bothends 'of the' machine may beconnectedby means of a pitman 11, with a crank12, for rotating av shaft and imparting a rapid movement'to any kind oi machinery, The shaft 13, thus rotated isj'generallyl` operated with a flywheel 14 for giving a proper momentum and even running motion to the parts. I'

Ih`e detonators are provided with mechanism for holding'them in their outermost positions until the t 'time when they are released for striking the anvil.. As shown in Fig. 1 1 provide each detonator with a stem 15 having an enlarged head 16 for vengaging a catch. 'A spring 17 mounted within the casing 1 and abutting against the end of the'detonator normally forces the same toward tliepitoh 3a head 16.

is preferable to'forin the'samle in the'shaphbf'a cone having its apex 'or point extending outwardly from v the casing. Operating in conjunction with the con- I the detonator o the said head can slipby the s aid latch 18 and will be caughtupon the sharp point 100 thereof. A'A spring 20 normally tends to force the latch 18 towardthe detonator and lhe'sa'id 'spring isA seated against the guide bearing 21 of an arm 22 which projects from the framing of the machine and affords a support forthe latch rod 19. The latch mechanisms I10.5

at each end .ofthe machine are precisely the same and i Aso the numerals have been duplicated uponthem.4

The latch rods 19 are arranged Ain alinement with each. other and their ends approach eachother to Within a short distance. An adjustable double sleeve 23 -is'used 4110 to connect the ends of' these rods sothatnthe-latches may be permitted to separate avsuHicient distance to v engage both of the conical heads of the detonators when it is desired to stop the operation o the machine orA they may be drawn inwardly toward eachother asufiil' 15;

cient extent to permit-'only one of the saidlatches engage its d etonatorat a time. The construction lof the double sleeye or coupling 23 is clearly illustrated upon alarge'scale in Figs. 19 and coupling is made up of two members 24 and 25'on'e'me'mber hay'. '120 'ing'a threadedportion telescoping into athreaded perfy tin the other memberfso vthat by turning one mem'- ber with respect to theother they maybe's'eparatedor brought together. The endsof the two vmembers'are 'provided with seats 26 for-receiving heads l27 formedf125 upon the innervace of the rods 19. Each'of said coupji lingmembersis forinedvwith'` an ehlarged shoulder as 'at 28 4and 29` andthe 'said shoulders are so arranged as to be engaged byan arm or a lever 30. The'lever 30 is` ulerumed at'itsouter end-at Slupon an arm projecting 130 may be made' of any desired shape but I iilid that it.

' vsacarse y this construction when the rod 9 is reciprocated through the action of the pistons 3 the lever 30 will be'vibrated or moved back and forth and by its engagement with4 the shoulders 28 and 2 9 will move the latches 18 suc# cessively into and out of engagement with the adjacent' cones 16 -of the detonators 5. lt will be apparent that if the shoulders 28 and 29 are separated to a sufiic ent extent the lever 30 will not move them orthe latches connected therewith to a sufficient extent to'withdraw the latches from behind the cones or heads 16 and the detonators willthus be prevented from operating. By drawing the shoulders 2S and 29 closer together the latches will be moved a suicient distance to withdraw them one at a time in succession from engagement with the conical heads 16 so as to permit the detonators to operate. The screw-threaded engagement of the coup= l ling members 24 and 25 makes it possible to easily and quickly adjust them both for drawing them together or separating them and one of the said couplings as 25 is provided with an enlargedmilled head34, which can be grasped betweenA the fingers and thus facilitate the sleeve or coupling it is only necessary -toturn the,milled head 34, in one direction' or the other according as it is wished' to separate the parts or draw tls em together. Since the lever 30 is connected with thepiston rod 9 and is thusv directly operated by it, the latches will always preserve a given timed relation to `,the movement of the' pistons and the detonators will be Withheld from 'engaging the explosives upon the anvil, until said anvil is properly opposite the said detonator.

' Of course I do not Wish to be limited to the means dcscribed for separating the sleeves or couplingmembers since I may employ a different kind of coupling or may separate its component parts in a different manner without departing from the spirit of the-invention.

The feeding devices are located opposite inlet passages 37 in the casingsll which passages are located at a sufficient distance from the detonators 5 to be opposite the anvil 4 when the piston carrying the same is at the outer extremity of its stroke. The feeder mayl be adapted for feeding explosive materials either in a liquid form or in a solid or cartridge formas preferred. In'Fig. 1 the feeders are shown as constructed for feeding liquidexplosives such feeders-being Ina'de up of a 'reciprocating member 38 which carries at its innerend .a porous plug or liquid applying substance as indicated at 39. The said substance may be either felt, sponge or othcrflike porous substance. When the anvil is opposite the feeder and the' reciprocating member 38 is forced inwardly it will carry the sponge. felt or other -joint (41' is ypreferably 'carried v'l substance against tliejaivilfarid .will compress it suffifr ciently to squeeze'tlierefrom a;propcr quantity ol liquid 'explosives t constitute a charge. Tiun nvvablcv pipe 40 which isfonriectcd 'with which cpntains the explosive' mate spongeA carrying member lengaY ofthe pipe 40 so astofpxfcv ii'tranylf plosive material betweenfsthhivvablc' p arts'jof, v

feeder. l In ordetof accomplish Athey operation lot in properly tim-ed relation toihelrn'oien l pfungerorpistolf themovablefmfemlre'r 3811i preferiti engaged by a lever-42;.w`hi`clr i'sgful at"43, 'i Y the casing and has a piin and sll l said member 38'as at 44';- jA" the lever 42 toward the'hpiston'.. ffloproper the movement of thel said leven42fwith resp to position of the piston 3 If 'the-piston t an vextension 46 and saidaeictensionfisprrided"wiifa:' notch 47 intovwhich the-end-of tlelvev'er may drop' when the piston 3 is ih its outermost'p'os'i-tion'. v, An anti-friction roller 48 is provideda'tV-the end inf vthel lever 42 so .that the said lever may .no tf--materiallyretard the movement of the piston 3. A.When the 'pistonis in itsv outermost position and the-'lever 42 drops( iii-tro the recess 47, the feeder niember 3,8 isforcqd inwardl'ythroug'h' the action of the springA 45 and tlie liquid eiipl'osivc material is placed upon the anvil. When thepiston 'I 3 is drawn inwardly the lever 42 will be lifted yout of the recess 47 and the plunger and movable member 38 will be carried outwardly so as to not engage the piston The complete retraction of the plunger from its engage" ment with the piston will prevent any danger of the explosive material 'being exploded... or 'detonated at the point of entrance into the machine. The anvil with its charge is carried wellwithin the casing l and is separate-dimm the inlet and the feeder by a c onsiderable thickness of wall. l

I The anvil 4 is mounted in a. recess 49 formed in the piston 3, the lower portion 'of said recess operating to receive the bulk of the charge of the explosive material which has been squeezed from the sponge. The sponge of course operates to thoroughly wipe the surface of the anvil with the said explosive material and a suflicient y quantity of the same is thus placed upon the detonating surface of the anvil to cause the explosion When' the detonator 5 is forced against the anvil. It is quite essential that the surface of the anvil shall be smooth and, that its plane shall be perfectly parallel with the plane of the end of the detonator. Thus a perfect Contact be tw'een the parts is secured without which a' small porL tion of explosive material will not always be explo'd`ed The inward'movement of each piston Sis limited by a shoulder or annular rib 50 formed upon'the outer end of said piston and capable 'of enga'ging the walls of the casing l at the precise moment when the anvil is directly opposite the detonator.1 Where tlie pistons are connected by the rod 9the shoulder 50 of each'L piston of course limits the outward movement of th" opposite piston.

llO

trated in such a form that a practical means of receiving land storing the charges v*of explosive V'gases liberated by leef chambers 2 communicate with pipes 5l which con' verge and connect with a tank inlet pipe 52. The

5 passage through the pipes 5l is guarded by reciprocating valves 530i anyv desired type the valvesbting so `formed' that the expanded gases may escape from l the explosion chamber pasttliembutcannot return. The pipe 52 'is likewise provided with valves 54 -for permitting the gases to pass into a storage tank' 55. The storage tank or chamber 55 may be of any desired size and is preferably constructed withvery strong reinforced walls capable of withstanding a heavy 'pressure.'V A safety valve 56 is us'iially provided for 'he tank 55 and its blow-off or safety joint maybe controlled. by a i Weight 57 mounted upon a lever 58, which'lever engages' the valve. When the pressure in the tank exceeds the safety point, the weight 57V will be lifted and the gas will be permitted to pass the valve and escape in the atmosphere. I usually also provide the storage tank or vessel 55 ywith a gage 59communicat ing with the interior of the casing by means of a pipe l(if).r The gage will he capable of indicating at all times .the pressure within the tank. i

Itis a very important matter in connection with the invention to be able to develop the pressures produced :by the liberation of the gases in the explosion chambers, for then theyniay he used for a great number of purn poses and can be 'drawn frointhe tank as required. lBD The application of the system for the purpose of driving'machinery directly from the plungers is also any v important matter and it will be seenthat the plunger mechanism may be duplicated to any desired extent hldeveloping required power in driving various kinds of machinery.

As'shown -in Fig. 5 the exploding devices maybe connected with pressure storing means and the pistons feed not'be'cdnncctcd with any movable mechanism. A( o vIn this view latches 67 are iised which are positively moved in opposite directions by a lever 68, the said lever engaging slots G9 and TQ formed in the adjacent ends of ther latch rods 7l and 72. -The lever 68- is connected with the piston rod 73 bya link .74 and an arm "5 which is rigidly secured to said piston rod 73.

of plungers be employed in carrying the system into practical effect. As shown in this figure an entirely successful manipulation of the'principal features of an exploding' mechanism is illustrated, in which a -single tains an explosion chamber 78. The plunger or piston I 76 is formed with the usual anvil 79 anda liquid exi plosive receiving recess-or chamber 80 is provided bev low the said anvil. Above the anvil an aperture is S5 formed as at 8l to accommodate to some extent the initial veirplosion of the explosive material. Of course` the space around the anvil is left open to permit the liberated gases to extend into portions of the explo- :od 82 and the nut 85 is so set as to maintain a proper cone shaped head 92, the said detonator being nor- As shown in Fig. -l it is not needful that a plurality' plunger TG is mounted'in a casing 77 which casing contension upon the spring 83 for drawing the 'piston 76 into the explosion chamber after it has received a new charge from the feeder. A washer 87 is usually intere posed between the spring 83 and the nut 85. It will' be understood of course that' the explosion Within-the' chamber 78 -forces the piston 76 outwardlycofmpressing the spring 83T After the piston ceases to feel the .ect

`of the explosion'the said spring 83 `expands and draws-vv the piston back into theexplosion chamber.

I t is necesmry to limit the outward movement of the piston 76 and for this'purp'ose I employ a key or'swp lug .88,` mounting the same in the walls of the and permitting its inner end to extendinto a key-V way 89 formed in one side 'of the piston. The inner end of the key 88 is preferably made to fit quite closely'f80 the key-way-SQ so as to not only becapable of limiting. the outward movement; of the piston butto prevent the turning of the said pistonin the casing. This is quite essential since anytuming of the anvil to one vside-'with respect to the detonator employed would -prevent the proper explosion `o i the explosive materials upon said anvil; v

In connection with the piston just described I employ the usualdetonator 90 having a stem 91 and a.v

mally lforced inwardly by a spring 93. A latch 94 is used which is carriedby a rod'95 and the lsaid latch is normally forcedtoward the cone shaped head 92 by a spring 9G. The latch rod 95 is guided in position by a bearing formed upon the outer end of an al'm 9.7. In order to move the latch in proper relation to the'movement of the piston I secure an arm 98 to the end ofthe piston rod 82 securing the said arm thereon by means of the nut 8 6. The outer .end of the arm 98 is provided with an aperture to receive the rod 95 and a set screw 100- I of the said rod 95 for drawing the said rod outwardly against the action of the spring 96. Of course it will be understood that when the piston 76 is in its inner# most position the latch 94 should be retracted'suii-'105.

ciently to release the detonator 90 and permit it to i produce an explosion upon the anvil. AThe thumb nut 99 is thefefore so adjusted as to cause the arm 98 lto withdraw the latch 94 just as the piston' reachesthe inner extremity of its stroke. Of course as soon as the explosion takes place and thev piston is drive'n out' wardly again the arm 98 is moved with it so that the spring 9G 'may cause the latch 94 to engage and hold the conical head 92 as the detonator is forced outwardly 'by the Aaction i the' explosion. The action `of `the 115 mechanism is thus rendered entirely automatic. in

order to stop the operation of the device, however, it is only necessary to unscrew the thumb nut-99 sufiiciently to-prevent the latch 94 from being withdrawn from the conical head 92when the piston reaches its 120 innermost position. The' detonator will thus be pre-V vented from causing an explosion upon the anvil and 'the devicewill cease operating until the detonator is again released.

. The feeding device for delivering the explosives to lthe mechanism may be somewhat altered alsoand ast shown in Fig. 4 it is made up-ofa movable section or member 100, mounted in afrecess or bea-ring j101 formed in the casing, the said movable` member lcarrying a sponge or other absorbent-plug-IOZ and having a pro 130 to force the cartridges back .into the feeder when the jtionl which engages a projection 104 on the end D the piston 76. This projection-'is formed with a de pression 105 similar to the depression 47 already described, and permits the feeder to be pressed inwardly by the action of a spring 106 when the anvil 79 is oppositelsaid feeder. A suitable reservoir 107 is mounted upon the casing and'4 is connected by means of a yielding. or flexible piping 108 with a member or pipe 109 which projects into the movable member '100.

section 108 prevents the possibility 4of any'jarbeing communicated to the explosive material in the reser-,'

voir 107. The casing isprovided, as inthe other in- -stances'he'retofore described, with an outlet passage-4 Way having a 'series ofcontrolling valves'lll which engage a series of valveseats 112. These valves permit the gases to pass out from the explosion chamber but prevent their return thereto. In Fig. 6'1 have illustrated a mechanism adapted for using explosives in solid form.- ln this figure the casing is provided with an elongated tubular feeder l1134. This I .tubular feeder is preferably slotted along one sideas at v 114 so as' to permitI of an' expansion of the contents thereof -andthe outer end of the .feeder is elosed by means of 'a cap 115 which comprises a spring 110, forcing it against a plunger 117 which is movablyl mount d in the feeder. Suitable cartridges 118 containing explosive materials are placed'in the feeder and are fed toward the piston 119 which n ioveswithin the.casing of` the machine. The anvil opening lis made of sufficient depth to receive the cartridges one at a time from the feeder and carry them successfully opposite the detonator 120. It is not necessary when using these cartridges to employ a recess'below the anvil to receive explosive materials as 'in'the' case'of the employment of liquid explosives. I usually, however, employ" a recess above the anvil as 121 to accommodate some of the initial explosion and an inclined surface as 122 extends therefrom outwardly toward theouter end of the piston, the said incline serving 'explosion is about to take place. 1n this form of mechanism the explosion chamber is provided with an'outlet opening 123 which is Vnormally closed by a plug 124. The materials which go to form the cartridge namely, the shells Whether of paper or other material collect in thebottom of the explosion chamber and can be removed from time to time by taking out the plug 124. As shown in this view also the latch for the detonator maybe operated by a lever 125 which is provided with .a slot 126 for engaging a pin 127 carried by the piston rod of the piston. This simple connection between the piston rod and the lever makes it possible to operate the for retracting the latch 128 from its engagement with the cone head 129 of the detonator. A thumb nut 130 is also employed for adjusting the latchwith respect to the lever 125 and for starting or stopping the machine. i

.As shown in Fig. 9 the detonator, as 131, may be provided with a stem 132 which has a recess 133 outsidethe guide casing in which the detonator moves which recess is engaged by a flatrspring 134 secured to the framing of the machine. The said fiat spring is so' mounted that it tends to force the detonator inwardly for causing an explosion and the outward movement of the said detonator is ot' course against the action of the said spring. The detonator is held in its outer position by a latch mechanism such as has=already been described.

ln order to insure absolute safety against the explosion of liquid materials at the feeder I sometimes ,Con-

.struct the casing as at Fig. '8 with escape apertures 135 'arranged opposite the point where thel sponge or/)otherV porous explosive carrying medium moves. When the casing is thus' constructed the movable sponge carrier 136 is so mounted that it may be retracted beyond the apertures 135 and in theeventnof any liberated gases. from the explosion chamber lidfing'their way around' the 'piston and intothe inlet opening 137 they will find immediate'escape through the apertures 135 and can exert no pressure against the .end ofthe sponge on the sponge carrier. As shown in Fig.8'the sponge carrier may be in ade to telescope into the end of an explosive .supply tube as' at 138, a suitablepacking as 139 being provided toprevent leakage. A spring actuated lever 140 similar to the lever 42 already described is used for moving'the sponge carrier in and out in accordance with the operation of the main piston 'of the machine. As there is sometimes a slight dripping or leakage from the portion of the machine adjacent to the sponge I con- `ternplate -employing a dripcup or pan 141 mounted upon the casing'o the machine and extending below the exhaust apertures 135 -and below the end of the sponge carrier 136. Any slight dripping of the explo- -sive materials will thus be `caught and retained by the said drip cup or pan.

To still further guard against any jarring of the feed tube or reservoir used in supplying explosive materials to the mechanism a cut-off or .safety slide 142 may be used as clearly shown in Figs. 14 and 15. Such va slide is pivotally mounted in a slot 143 formed in the 'casing to one side of the exhaust apertures 135. The

said slide is 'pivoted at 144 and is normally held so as to extend across the inlet passage by a spring 145. xv/An arm 146 projects fromv the said safetyslide and prefer-- ably extends outside the casing and lies across the path of a beveled detent or arm 147 which is carried by the sponge carrier 148. When the sponge carrier 148 is moved inwardly toward the piston or plunger of the machine to deliver a charge of explosive materials, the said beveled arm 147 willengage the arm 146 of the safety slide and tip the slide upon its pivot point to one side of the inlet aperture or passage against the action of the spring 145. The sponge car# rier may thus be permitted to move inwardly until it engages the anvil. Upon the retraction of the sponge carrier the spring 145 willv immediately bring the slide 142 between the sponge carrier and the piston or plun-l ger of the machine and. prevent any pressure which might possibly reach the inlet passage fromengaging the sponge or its carrier. Such pressure must thus of necessity escape from the exhaust passages 135. A While I do not find such a device necessary in a' perfectly made machine yet it affords an additional security in handling highly explosive materials and makes it absolutely certain that the ja'r or back pressure of gasesl which is providetlwith a joint as at 149, the said joint making it possible to swing tne sponge carrier 150 to Ione side after it-has been withdrawn from the inlet passage 151. The joint 149 may be'made in the form `of a plug and socket as shown in Fig. 12, the plug 152 operating as a stop cock when the sponge carrier is swung to one side.. The flow of liquids through the inlet tubing is thus cllt-offv'hen the sponge carier is moved to one side. The movement of the sponge carrier to one side is accomplished in various ways and preferably inconnection with the movement of the detonator. This is'shown in Fig. ,17 wherein the pivoted'sponge carrier isconnected by a link 153 with the stem 154 of the detonator so that when the detonator is in its innermost position the feeder will be moved to one side. When, however, the detonator is in its outer position so. that the piston carrying-the anvil may -be brought opposite the inlet passage, thel safety carrier will be swung into position to be forced into said passage. l lAs shown in Fig. 18 thismechanism may be furtherlmodified by employing a. pivoted lever 155 which is pivoted at one end to the stem of v the detonator and at" the other end to a link 156 which is pivot-ally connected with an arm 157 of the swinging sponge carrier. The operation of this mechanism is practically the same as that just described with re;- spec't to the structure shown in Fig` 17.

' In Fig. 31 have shown a still different manner oi making'the feed tubing in which, however, the sponge carrier 158 is connected by means of a link 159 with the` reservoir. tube .160, Theis-aid link 159 carries a cut-off plugat each end as 161 a'nd 162'. The cut-off plugs are so located with respect to the bore of the tubing that when the'sponge carrier is retracted to its withdrawn position the cut-off plugs will stop the How of liquid fromthe tubing. When the feeder is moved 'inwardly again the flow o f liquid'will be directed 'through the tubing for supplying thesponge or other porous substance with the necessary explosive liquids. 1t 'will thus be apparent that the feeding mechanism employed can be constructed in several ways all of which are advantageous for applying 'explosive liquids to the an-vil 'of the machine. l As still further showing the manner' in which the parts maybe arranged with respect toeach other for receiving and acting upon liquid or other explosives I have illustrated in Fig. 10 a portion of a machine lformed with an explosion chamber as 163, in which is longitudinally arranged a. reciprocating plunger 164 having an anvil recess 165 in oneend. Mounted in the casing and immediately opposite the end of the said plunger 164 is a detonator 166. The detonator is arranged to move in alinement with the plunger 164 and the said detonator is formed with an inlet passage 167 for receiving the liquid explosives from the sponge 168 which` is forced into said inlet by means of a 'sponge carrier 169. A passage 170 is formed inthe detonator and extends from the inlet recess 167 to the inner end of the detonat-or so as to lbe capable of dropping the liquidswhich runthrough the said passage into the an# vil recess 165. The passage 1,70 is preferably inclined snl'liciently to" facilitate therunning of-the'liquids through the same and into the Aanvil recess- The deto nator may be provided with the usual stem ]71.and a .conical head 172 which is capable of engagement by alatch such as has already been described.y lt will -be observed that when the detonator is retracted by action of the explosion in the chamber 163 its inlet recess 167 will be brought opposite the feeder to receive a new charge. Upon forcing the detonator into the casing again the liquid explosive which has already run down the passage 170 and dropped into the anvil recess 165 will be detonated or exploded in such recess for forcing the pluger 164 outwardly and alsofor forcing the detonator outwardlyY to receive another charge. In this simple manner the detonator may be made to assist in the feeding of the explosives to an explosion chamber `for causing the explosion of highly explosive materials and the performing of certain work both in the explosionchamber and elsewhere, as heretofore fully described. L A l v It will thus be seen that the device used for carrying out the principles of the invention may be of an ex- Atremely simple character and one in which the parts that are effective for the purposes desired can not readilylbecome disarranged or gd; out-of order.

AWhen employing the forms of feeders in which'the' explosive applying sections are made to swing to one tion is provided with a pin 173, the said pin extending from one side of the feeder section only. This pin engages the slot in the feeder operating lever as 174, shown in Fig. 18. The parts are so related in this structure that when the detonating plunger is forced into the explosion chamberfthe feeder arm which has then been retracted by the lever1-74 will be carried away from said lever, the pin 173 merely passing outof the slot. When the detonator is forced outwardly again by the explosion the feeder, as shown in Fig. 18, will be swung into position opposite the inlet opening of the casing and thepin y173 will enter the slot in the lever 174 andthus when the said lever is permitted to move toward the anvil piston it will ferry the sponge carrying sectionof the feeder into the casingy again.

lt will be obvious that various minor changes in the details of construction both ofthe feeder and ofthe other parts of the mechanism ruav be made without departing inl the least from the spirit ofthe invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isz' 1. A pressure generating and accumulating device hav- 'ing a movable pistonvcarrying an anvil, means for deposit-' -ing charges of high explosives upon the anvil, and a detonator adapted to strike the explosives upon said anvil. 2. A pressure 'generating and accumulating device, having an explosion chamber, a movable piston having an a'nvil formed thereon. an explosive feeder, a dctonator, and means ir moving the piston so as to bring the anvil ltervplodingcharges of high explosives yin said chamber.

having an explosion chamber, a reciprocating .piston havps`ton to movethe anvil opposite said feeder-'and detonarapd succession. y

4. A' pressure generating and accumulating mechanism,

ciprocating piston mounted therein;v an explosive feeder .mounted opposite the piston, a detonator also mounted opposite the piston, and means for returning the piston Vand l the dctona'tor to explosion producing proximity within the explosion chamber.

side it will be observed that the sponge pcarrying secnately opposite the said feeder and the detonator for ex- 3. A pressure generating and accumulating mechanism,4

ing an anvil thoreonaa Nederland a detonat'or mounted op poste-the said. piston and means for reciprocating the. said tor for'exploding chargesof highly explosive -materinl inv comprising acasingforming an explosion 'chamber'. a rel for producing a succession of explosions'within the explocomprising a casing having a 'plurality of explosion chamthereto, va detonator for eachpiston latches for 'controlsame, and means for moving the anvil first opposite the 'detonator and means for reciprocating the feeder and the ated in the Said explosion chamber, a duct connecting the 'sive carrying piston moving -inAthe casing, a detonator also -a reciprocating detonator operating at right angles tothe the piston and the detonatoreinto the explosion chamber,

explosion chamber.

seo,

5. A pressure generatinghand accumulating mechanism, comprising a casing forming'an explosion chamber, an ex? plosive feeder, and a detonator mounted i'n lthe walls of ,the said chamber, an anvil and a member carrying the feeder for receiving a.charge of explosivelmaterial and then opposite the detonator for producing an explosion.

6. A pressure generating and accumulating mechanism, comprising a casing forming an explosion chamber` a re-` ciprocating member carrying an anvil, reciprocating explosive feeder, a reciprocating detonator, means for bring-l ing the anvil surface successively opposite the feeder and detonator successively as the anvil surface is presented successively to them. 1-

7.' pressure generating and.accumlilating r'nechanism, comprising a casing'provided with an explosion chamber, a storage receptaclecapable of receiving they'gases generexplosion chamber and receptacle a reciprocating piston operating in'the explosion chamber, an explosive feeder and a detonator operating in conjunction with the piston sion chamber, and means connected with the piston for re-y ceiving the movement imparted thereto and communicating it to mechanism to be operated.

8. A pressure generating mechanism, comprisinga casing formed with an explosion chamber therein, an explomoving inthe'casing, means whereby the explosionl within the explosion chamber operates to force the .said piston' and 'detonator outwardly, and means engaging the detouator for producing a return movement as'soo'n as the 'eiect of the explosion has subsided. l' j 9. A pressure generatingIr mechanism, comprising a cas? catin'gr explosive carrying piston having a recess for. receiving the explosive material, and an exploding surface.`

explosive carrying piston and capable of impin'ging upon the exploding surface of said piston, and feedingemeans' capable of placing a small portion 'of explosive material upon the exploding surface when the piston is at the limit of-its outgrard movement, and means for normally forcing the 'explosions therein forcing them outwardly again.-

' 10. A pressure genera-tingY and applying mechanism coinprising a casing forming lan explosion chamber, a reciproeating explosive carrying piston, a yielding Yfeeding device for ieedingvexplosive charges to the said piston and a re.- ciprocatingdetonator 'for exploding the charges within the '11. An ,explosion generating and applying mechanism bers, synchronously moying pistons operating in the explosion chambers, a piston rod yconnecting them, a feeder for delivering explosives to veach piston,- detonators arranged to strike the pistons latches for controlling'the operation of the detonators, rods connecting the. latches, a lever for operating the,rods and connected w'ith the'piston Lrod of the pistons, and an adjustable controlling member A carried by the said latch rods; and capable of affecting the latches for starting or stopping theimechanism.

12. A pressure generating and, applying, mechanism, comprising a casing, explosion chambers formed therein, a piston rod carrying 4oppositely arranged piston s,. one movl ing in eachexplosion'chambe'r, feeding mechanism adja cent to eachA piston for' delivering explosive materialsr 13. A pressure and power generating mechanism, co/m prising connected reciprocating pistons, a 'casing/forming an explosion chamber around the end of' each piston, detonators extending intothe explosion chambers, 'explosive' feeders for each' piston, levers for operating the feeders in' sons'upon the ends of the pistoni having recesses forcontrolling the position fif the levers ineccordance with the position. of the pistoilissfj Y 14; A pressure and power generating mechanism, kompris'ing a casing. inclosing an.explosion chamber, a. re-

ing and having a projectlqn outside the casing formed with a recess in. its edge;v a. feedingdevi'ce capable of movement toward and away from thesaid movable mem ber and a pilgiection extending therefrom and engaging the recessed projection `on the said'movable member, the said'recessed projection controlling the admission of the explosive and a deton'atorv arranged to explode charges -upon the piston. v -l 15. A pressure' 'and power generating mechanism, c'omprising a casing having an explosion chamber therein, a reciprocating explosive carrying member moving in said casing for feeding explosive material to the' said casing,

normally forcingvthe feeder inwardly, means carried by the said feeder for forcing it outwardly again, a flexible connection' interposed between the said feed pipe and the 'movable feeder and a detonator arranged to explode' charges upon the piston.

16. A mechanism vforexploding high explosives, comA prising a. casing, a movable explosive carrying piston mounted therein, a feeding device fordelivering explosives to the piston, comprising a feed pipe, a jointed delivery pipe operating near th end of lthe said feed pipe, means controlledfby the movement of the piston for regulating 'the position of said jointed pipe, and a detonatorv arranged to "strike the piston and explode charges thereon.

17, A mechanism for deriving power fromlhigh explosives, comprising ,a' casing, a piston moving therein, an explosive supply pipe,l an explosive delivery pipe arranged tol reciprocate upon-the, saidv supply pipe and-extending ,into the said casing, anda lever pivota'ily engaging the delivery pipe and also engaging an extension of the piston. and means for, holding the lever against4 said extension. the movement of the piston thus controlling the introduction of the-explosive material' and a detonator arranged to ,strike the piston and explode thecharges thereon *18. vA mechanism for-developing power from 'high exlplosives, comprising a casing, a mo'vable piston mounted therein, a pipe for; delivering explosives to thepiston, a plug of porous material carried by the said delivery pipe. and means for pressing the said porous material against the pistonfor depositing a suiiicient amount of the 'explosive mateiial to form a charge and means to explode the charge upon the piston.

plosives, comprising a reciprocating explosive carrying piston, a casing inc'losing the same, a feeder for delivering the explosive material to said reciprocating piston comprising supplytubing; a movable section mounted thereon and having a porous bldg in its delivery end, a lever connected with the movable section, a spring for'normally forcing the, lever toward the piston, and means projectiuir from the piston and engaging said lever for permitting the pressing of the plug against the piston to squeeze out a vproper charge of explosive material within the machine and means to` explodeV the charge 'upon the piston.

20. A machine for developing power froml high explo- 'sives, comprising a casing forming an explosion chamber, av movable piston mounted thereinand -provided with an anvil or exploding surface, a' feeder a projecting feeder operator carried by the piston having ,a recess formed rin the said casing, a movable section capable of entering said aperture and having a spongy porous material in its end, a lever connected withethe movable section an antifriction roller carried by the lever and engaging the feeder operator upon the piston, and means for normally pressing the said leverl against. said controlling projection and /me/to explode the charge uponthe piston.

21. A mechanism for developing-power and pressure from high explosives, comprising a casing, a reciprocating piston, the said casing having an inlet opening opposite said reciprocating pistou, a fecdermounted opposite said conjunction with the movement of the pistons and extenopening and capable of being forced therein, the casing'l ciprocating explosiveA carrying piston mounted in said cae-` 19. A mechanism `for developing power from. high exyin its edge, a feed mechanism opposite an. inlet aperture4 .being extended to tne.said inlet openingand provided with from high explosives, comprsingacasing, Ia reciprocating' piston mounted therein and carrying an vided with a lpugitudinal groove, casing and engaging'the groove formed in the piston, the saldkey ylimiting the extent of movement 'of the 'piston andpreventing its twisting or turning, a feed mechanism for delivering explosives to the vsaidanviland a detonator engaging 4the'anvil andexploding the said materials.

23,'A mechanism for developing' power and pressure froml high ezlrpl'osives, comprising a casing, areciprocating piston" mounted therein, the casing having an inlet oppositethe piston and provided with escape passages, a feeder capable of being' forced ntovs'aid inlet passage for delivering the' explosives, a detonator `means for operating the feedera'nddetonator for exploding the materials upon the. anvil'member anda drip cup mounted'beneath the anvil and proescape' passages for collecting any dripping of the explosives. l

' .24.. A 4mechanism for ldeveloping pressure and power f i'om -high explosives, comprising a casing, a reciprocating piston, a detonator operating 'in' conjunction therewith, the casing being formed with an' inlet passage opposite the piston, a feeder capable of, entering the' inlet passage, means for operating `the same in conjunction with the movement of the'piston and a safety slide capable of movement into position between the feeder and the piston at th'e'time'of an explosionwithin the mechanism.'

25. A mechanismfor developing power and pressure f rpm high explosircscomprislng a casing. a reciprocating piston and a detonator operating in conjunction therewith, .the said casing having an inlet passage leading to the piston, amvelongated tubularfextension"formed on the 'casing-around the inlet passage and having exhaust out-` lets formed therein, the said tubular extension, also having 'n. lateral open-ing. a safety slide pivoted to'foscillate in said lateral opening, a' feeder capablefof insertion in the inlet passage, 'means carried bythe feeder and capable of engaging the said safctb slide for moving it to one side as the feeder enters the casing. and means for operating the ceder in conjunction with the movement of thepiston.

26. A mechanism for developingr t'o'rce and pover from a kevmounted Vin the Asaid explosion chambers, means for sodass high explosives, comprising acasing having an explosionchamber therein. a reciprocating pistonmounted .in the casng,.a detonator operating in connection therewith, the casing having an inlet passage opposite the said piston, a tubular extension formed about the said inlet passage and arranged to receive a feeder, such tubular extension having a laterally arranged slot in -itsl walls, a pivoted slide mounted-for movement in said slot, an arm carried thereby, a. feeder capable of entering the inlet passage, an arm projecting therefrom and having an inclined or c am surface for engaging the arm of the safety slide and moving it to one side as the feeder entersthe casing, and means for forcing ine feeder into the inlet passage at each reciprocationof the piston. l 27.\A -mechanismfor developing power and .pressure from high explosives, comprising a casing having an explosion chamber ,therein. a reciprocating member mounted therein and formed with an explosive receiving recess, a projection eccentrically mounted in said recess and ,forming an anvil, means for feeding explosivesl to said recess and the anvil, and a detonator for exploding the materials upon the said anvil. A

28. A mechanism for,developing, power' and pressure from high explosives, comprising a casing havingl en plosion chambers therein, connected pistons' moving in feedingy explosive charges to said pistons, detonators operating in conjunction .with the pistons, latches for holding the detonators temporarily in their. outermost positions, rods carrying the ltcheal-a coupling connecting the rodsofand madel up ot two shouldered members having.telescoping threaded por-- tions; one of said members being formed with attene'd outer sides while the other member is provided with a milled head for turning it, a lever engaging the flattened sides of the said shouldered member, 'and means connecting it with the connected pistons, the separation or drawing together 'of the coupling members being accomplished by merel) turning the milled head, the lever engaging the flattened sides of the outer member preventing the turning thereof.

In testimony whereof l adix my signature in .presence of two witnesses.

JUAN DE DIOS TEJADA.

Witnesses:

Jorn L. FLETCHER, CASSBLL Snrnnaxcn. 

